By Donna Wichelman
Dear Readers, for two years, it's been my pleasure talking about the nineteenth century mining history of Colorado, specifically in Georgetown and Clear Creek County. I've enjoyed telling you about the beloved people, fascinating events, and interesting industrial developments that led to western expansion across the United States. I will always have a special fondness for that era here in Colorado and hope my blogs have encouraged your interest in visiting someday.
But now I return to a series I began in the fall of 2023 when I started collecting research for my World War Two slip-time novel, Power of the Thorn--particularly the years leading up to and during the German Occupation of the Bordeaux region of Southwestern France.
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Bordeaux, France: Bridge at Night Image by Alexander Gresbek from Pixabay.com |
The war has fascinated me since I was a child, listening to my parents talk about living through some of the darkest days in the history of the United States and the world. Much has been documented over the last eighty-six years. Though some books and movies have romanticized the war, it was not romantic or glamorous, but brutal and daunting, and it demanded self-sacrifice, men and women dedicated to the cause of freedom in France and the rest of the world. My hope is to bring a fresh perspective on those times.
I begin today by recounting my privilege to have interviewed a Frenchmen, who lived through the war as a boy/teenager. Sadly, he passed away since I interviewed him in October 2023. But his story lives on in this blog and the pages of the book I'm writing.
When I first met Mr. René Avril, I found a kind and gentle man--mostly deaf and blind--who'd lived a long and fulfilling life despite a beginning wrought by war even before his birth. He was eager to talk about the war and surviving the German occupation.
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| Donna and Mr, René Avril, Libourne, France: Donna's Gallery October 2023 |
Born near Saint-Malo, Brittany in June 1931, Mr. Avril came into the world when France still had not recovered from World War I. Every French man, woman, and child had lost someone. Despite having won the war, it left an indelible scar on the war-weary nation. Yet the armistice between France and Germany on November 11, 1918, also made the world uneasy. The terms laid upon Germany were onerous to the extreme. The people of France knew war fomented beneath the surface. "Everyone knew it, and everyone feared it," Mr. Avril said.
The inevitability of another war set the stage for the events in May and June 1940 when the German Army made a surprise assault north of the Maginot Line through Belgium. Named after the French Minister of War, André Maginot, France built a series of concrete fortifications and weapons installations, then filled them with special ops troops during the 1930s to defend France's border along Germany, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and Italy.
 Bunker Ouvrage Schoenenbourg, Maginot Line, Alsace France Photo 254297474 © Renaud Philippe | Dreamstime.com |
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But the French had scaled back fortifications on the Maginot Line north of Saarbrűcken, which ran through rugged forested terrain where no one expected an attack. It was the perfect place for the Germans to break through French defenses, sending them southward in retreat. By the time German troops arrived in Paris on June 14, 1940, 1.8 million French soldiers were taken as prisoners of war--ten percent of the adult male population. Over a hundred thousand died.

Mr. Avril was nine years old when the German Army marched west and south, capturing Paris and most of the north of France. Like most French people in Brittany, his family was poor; their house had seven people, three bedrooms, four beds, and no running water. But they had a magnificent garden with vegetables and hens, and they enjoyed the company of friendly neighbors.
Once the Germans occupied the land, farmers' lives became harder as German soldiers requisitioned the farmland, requiring farmers to yield a part of their crops to the German Army. Ordinary French citizens--farmers, like Mr. Avril's family--received the left overs, barely enough to subsist.
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| French Country House: Donna's Gallery October 2023 |
Mr. Avril and his friends tried to get news from the BBC, but the Germans forbade wireless (radios) in French homes, sometimes confiscating them. Still, they discretely listened to news that passed through the grapevine, news that most likely came from the Resistance network.
School-age children and young adults attended school, but a massive shortage of teachers made receiving an education difficult. There simply weren't enough men available between those who'd been taken prisoner, killed, joined the Resistance, or sent to Germany under the Compulsory Labor Program (STO) to work on the Wehrmacht (the German War Machine).
Also, the Germans requisitioned school buildings. Though the building where Mr. Avril attended school was a beautiful facility, the Germans turned it into a hospital. Mr. Avril recalled the first time he returned to school in the fall of 1944 after the liberation. He was thirteen at the time. The building smelled like disinfectant, having been cleaned by American and French soldiers, removing materials Germans left behind, like their jackboot grease.
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Example of German Jackboot: Photo 35359114 | German © Soloway | Dreamstime.com |
The French can attribute much of their resilience to the French Resistance--the Maquis. Most of the one hundred thousand of them, by the war's end, were farmers and peasants who wished to avoid conscription into the German military (STO). Their stealthy methods and brave actions saved countless lives--French, Jewish, and Allies alike.
Mr. Avril's favorite uncle worked as a spy in Lorient, but unfortunately, he and forty of his compatriots received the death sentence when German soldiers discovered them. Though it was a sad loss, pride entered Mr. Avril's voice for an uncle who helped them win the war.
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French Resistance March in Liberation
Celebration, Libourne, France, Libourne City Archives |
In early August, after the Allied assault on Normandy, Mr. Avril heard his aunt shout from another room. "They've arrived!" Of course, everyone was excited the Allies had come. But they were also worried, as the fighting could be nearby. Indeed, a significant battle occurred in Saint-Malo in which the Allies won, capturing Germans holding out in underground foxholes. But the battle destroyed the coastal town, making it a heap of rubble, as with many of the towns along the way.
Mr. Avril's family watched them from their garden as German convoys migrated west on neighboring roads, hoping to hold off the Allies in the coastal town of Brest. But the Americans were more powerful. At first, the community was scared when they heard the noisy roar of American airplanes--P-47 Thunderbolts--descending rapidly form the sky. But very soon, they realized that if the planes swooshed down, they were attacking Germans, and they all shouted, "Good riddance!" Mr. Avril's voice rose with with exuberance. "It was a happy moment," he said.
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P-47
Thunderbolt297700101
© Paulbroad Dreamstime.com |
In the post-war years, the French prioritized rebuilding ruined towns. Everyone participated. Mr. Avril's father, a blacksmith, repaired the ironwork on a railroad bridge. They also gathered piles of rubble onto trucks and airplanes and dumped them into the ocean. The change was rapid, and life became normal again.
My final question of Mr. Avril was what message he wanted to leave for the young people of today. He didn't hesitate. He wanted them to know that Marshal Philippe Pètain, President of Hitler's Vichy government, had given in to the enemy. "These people were creatures of the Nazis; they helped them; they saved the industry to work for Germany ... Pètain was against the Resistance ... He was a collaborator from the beginning." From his tone of voice, I sensed his disgust over a man who had at one time been a war hero for France during WWI, but had betrayed his country in the Second World War.
Pètain was tried as a collaborator and sentenced to death in August 1945. His sentence was immediately commuted to life in solitary confinement. He lived the rest of his life in a fortress on the Ile d'Yeu off the Atlantic coast and died at ninety-five.
This blog post originally appeared on December 4, 2023 on the Heroes, Heroines, and History Blogsite at www.hhhistory.com.
Donna is an Angel-award-winning author of Historical Romance for A Song of Deliverance. Book Two in the Silver Singing Mine series, Rhythms of the Heart, was released in November 2025. Weaving history and faith into stories of intrigue and redemption grew out of Donna's love of travel, history, and literature as a young adult while attending an international college in Wales, U.K. She enjoys developing plots that show how God's love abounds even in the profoundly difficult circumstances of our lives. Her stories reflect the hunger in all of us for love, belonging, and forgiveness.
Donna was a communications professional before becoming a full-time writer. Her short stories and articles have appeared in inspirational publications. She has two indie-published romantic suspense novels, Light Out of Darkness and Undaunted Valor, in her Waldensian Series.
Donna and her husband of forty-one years participate in ministry at their local church in Colorado. They love spending time with their grandchildren and bike, kayak, and travel whenever possible.