A Little History About Chocolate

                       Seeds in the pod                                                                Cocoa Tree       

                                                                             

             Chocolate is one of my favorite sweet things to eat. In the third book of my Heart’s Desire series, Heart’s Promise, my characters go to San Francisco on vacation. One of the things they experience is Ghirardelli chocolate, so I decided to take a look back at the beginnings of this treat. Cocoa beans, which are needed to make chocolate, grow in long pods on cocoa trees. The beans are small, bitter seeds. The trees require hot temperatures, high humidity, consistent rainfall and protective shade. You can find them ten to twenty degrees north and south of the equator in Central America and Central Mexico. That means I have no hope of growing a cocoa tree in my backyard in Ohio.

                                    Aztecs                                         Mayans

The articles I read took me back over 4,000 years to the Mayo-Chinchipe people, then the ancient Olmecs around 1,800 BC, who historians believe used cocoa beans to brew warm, flavored drinks. It was too bitter to drink alone. Around the 8^th century, the Mayans began using cocoa beans for money, as well as a drink. They mixed the ground beans with maize in water and added allspice and vanilla. In the 1500s AD, the Aztecs in central Mexico also put a high value on cocoa beans. The people groups seemed to believe the drink had health benefits. Some thought it was “food from the gods.” The drinks were used in religious ceremonies and as a beverage for royalty.  

In 1519, a Spanish explorer named Heran Cortes spent some time with the Aztecs. In 1528, he took the drink to Spain. It didn’t take the Spanish long to add sugar. Hot chocolate made its way to other European countries and to America. By the 1600s and 1700s, chocolate houses, similar to today’s coffee shops, sprang up as popular places for the well-to-do to meet over a cup of hot chocolate. During the Revolutionary War, wounded soldiers sipped the hot drink to warm up and get an energy boost. Thomas Jefferson predicted hot chocolate would become as famous as tea and coffee.

                                                                    

                                                                                                                      

In 1847, a company called J.S. Fry & Sons in England added extra cocoa butter to liquid chocolate, turning it solid and creating the first mass-produced chocolate bars. The Cadbury Chocolate Company is one of their biggest competitors. Over the next several decades, chocolate makers added milk powder to recipes to make milk chocolate. In 1879, Rodolph S. Lindt of Switzerland designed a machine that stirred the chocolate until it was smooth and velvety. Dozens of other companies followed his example.

                                                                                                                                                                                                  

Most chocolate makers started out selling chocolate powder as a product to mix with water or milk for a beverage. Improvements made it possible to make chocolate bars and so much more. Milton Hershey established his company in 1894. James Baker of Baker’s Chocolate started his business in 1764. KraftHines owns Baker's Chocolate now, but kept James Baker's name on the baking bars.

                                                                                                       

                                                                          

Domenico Ghirardelli was born in Italy in 1817. He apprenticed with a candy and confectionary maker, spent some time in Peru, then went to Stockton, CA during the gold rush. He opened a general store selling supplies and confections to miners, then he opened another store in San Francisco. After trying to sell spices, coffee, mustard and liquor along with chocolate, he settled on mustard and chocolate only. In 1893, needing more space, he and his sons bought the Pioneer Woolen Building on San Francisco’s northern waterfront. That location became Ghirardelli Square. Today, the company is owned by Lindt and Sprungli, but we can still see Ghirardelli chocolates everywhere candy is sold. 

I hope you'll enjoy this recipe for chocolate chip cookies using Ghirardelli chips.

Ghirardelli's Classic Chocolate Chip Cookies

Welcome back to Jacob and Julia's Iowa farm.

In 1893, their son Justin is eleven. and daughter Annaliese is ten. When Jacob and Julia adopted Annaliese as an infant, they were told God had a special plan for her. As Annaliese grows up, she wonders if her purpose will be world-changing.

Julia's old friend, Edward Harrington, comes to visit from England, along with his wife and son, Robbie. Their time at the farm is the beginning of a like/hate relationship and later something more between Robbie and Annaliese. When the families travel to San Francisco in 1900, a shocking revelation from Edward's wife could change everything, beginning with taking Annaliese to England. 

If this is God's plan, Annaliese is disappointed. It's nothing like she imagined, and her heart's desire is to go to veterinary college. This could mean a very different future for her.

Heart's Promise

About the Author

Linda, a retired librarian, lives in west central Ohio with her husband and grandson. An avid reader and writer since childhood, she began her publishing career writing columns and a middle-grade serial for the South Charleston Spectator. Her desire is to entertain, but more importantly, to encourage readers with God’s faithfulness.

Visit Linda at her website.    Linda Hoover Books

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