by Ramona K. Cecil
If you’ve read any of my
past posts on this blog, you’ll know that I’m a proud Hoosier with a passion
for the history of my state of Indiana.
The first known people to inhabit my state—whom I like to think of as the first
Hoosiers—were paleo Indians we now call “mound builders.”
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Large burial mound in southwestern Indiana |
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Mound Builders |
Evidence of mound builders
can be found in several Midwestern and southern U.S. states with a sizeable number scattered
over Indiana. The two main locations of prehistoric mounds in Indiana
are preserved at Mounds State Park in Grant
County in the east-central part of the
state and Angel Mound State Historic site that spans modern-day Vanderburg and
Warrick counties in the southwest corner of the state near Evansville, Indiana.
The mounds found at Mounds
State Park in the east-central region of the state are thought to have been
constructed by the prehistoric Adena people and used centuries later used by
the Hopewell Indians. Archeologists believe the mounds were used by the
Adena/Hopewell cultures between 250 B.C. and A.D. 200 for religious and burial
purposes. Over three hundred of these earthworks have been recorded in central Indiana alone. The park
contains several impressive mounds including the Great Mound and Circular
Earthworks and the Circle Mound and Rectangular Earthworks. Like structures
found from the Mayan culture, the Indiana
mounds seem aligned to mark the summer and winter solstice.
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Mounds State Park, Anderson, Indiana |
Angel Mounds located at
the southern tip of the state near Evansville,
Indiana is the work of the
Mississippian people, who inhabited the site from 1000 to 1450 AD. The site,
which encompasses over 100 acres is named for the Angel family who owned the
land from the mid-19th century until 1938. The farm was purchased for the state by the pharmaceutical baron, Eli Lilly. Angel Mounds is considered one of
the best pre-historic Native American sites in the United States.
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View of Central Mound at Angel Mounds Historic Site |
The first white settlers
of southern Indiana
were both surprised and flummoxed by these mounds that could reach as high as
seventy feet, or so low as to be indistinguishable from the natural rolling
landscape. When the white settlers inquired of the local Native Americans about
the mounds, the local tribes shared stories passed down to them by their elders
about an ancient people who’d built the mounds and how their own people had
made war on the ancients and wiped them out. That, however, may have been
bravado on the part of the more modern tribes as archeologists have determined
that the Mississippians were long gone when tribes like the Shawnee
and Miami moved
into the area around 1650 A.D.
So who were these ancient
people? Both the Adena/Hopewell and Mississippians were agrarian people who
must have found the rich soil of the Ohio
Valley perfect for
growing their maize. The Mississippians built their town on the third terrace
of the mound above the area flooded by the waters of the Ohio
river by carrying 67,785 cubic yards of dirt in their baskets.
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Diorama of Angel Mounds people |
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Mound builders at work making mounds |
So, if the Shawnee and Miami
didn’t do the Mississippians in, what happened to them? Scholars speculate that
droughts and overhunting may have lead to the collapse of the chiefdom which,
in turn, lead to the demise of the Mississippians.
As for this modern-day
Hoosier, I’m just glad our first Hoosiers left such impressive monuments to
their cultures for us to enjoy.
Have you visited any sites
left around the U.S.
by the mound builders? If so, I’d love to hear about it.
Ramona K. Cecil is a poet and award-winning author of historical
fiction for the Christian market. A proud
Hoosier, she often sets her stories in her home state of Indiana.
I've never heard of these mounds before....Very interesting.
ReplyDeleteHi, Debbie! Living in Indiana, I'd heard about the mounds and Mounds State Park all my life. These Paleo Indian mounds seem to be scattered over much of the Midwest and South. Thanks for stopping by. I love sharing something new about history. :-)
DeleteWe have one of these mounds in Central Pennsylvania, although it is not very big. The contents were scattered before people even thought about preserving what was there. http://juniatacountyhistoricalsociety.org/historic-site-preservation/ http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pajchs/indianmound.html
ReplyDeleteHi, Sandy! Yes, I found that Pennsylvania has several of these mounds. Too bad much of the contents were lost. I do hope some artifacts survived and are unearthed one day.
DeleteWe have mounds in West Virginia. The largest in the country is in Moundsville, I haven't visited that one yet. Another prominent one is in South Charleston. I have seen it many times. They are very interesting. Thank you for your informative post about them. Here is where I posted about one of my trips to the South Charleston mound.http://janetsmart.blogspot.com/2012/02/traveling-west-virginia-mound.html
ReplyDeleteHi, Janet! I haven't visited Mounds State Park or Angel Mounds in my state either. I have informed my hubby that I'd like to drive down to Angel Mounds sometime this summer.
DeleteI have been to Cahokia Mounds in Illinois, another large complex, and I live not too far from Wycliffe Mounds in western Kentucky, but haven't visited there yet. Thanks for this info, Ramona!
ReplyDeleteHi, Susan! While researching the mounds, I found a bunch in Illinois and several in Kentucky. I'm guessing the Adena/Hopewell people constructed the Illinois mounds while the ones in Kentucky were likely made by the Mississippians. Thanks for your interest and for stopping by. :-)
DeleteHello Ramona. Tell me..What do you know about the giant redheaded humans and artifacts found in the mounds? I live very close to the New Castle Indiana mound complex and have been doing a lot research on the subject.
ReplyDeleteHello Romona, I just completed a book titled, "OHIO, 88 Counties of Giants". As fate would have it i live in Kendallville now, and am working on a book on Indiana. I was surprised to find 8 and 9 foot skeletons mentioned in newspapers and County Histories right here in Noble County. My first book is thru Christian-Faith-Publishing and makes no supernatural racial or political claims just data for people to access. I have found examples for more than half the state, I think these books are essential in understanding the greater-ancestry of our past.
ReplyDeleteThank you Ramona for dedicated, science-driven history. I don't have a book I am trying to promote that disagrees with science, by the way.
DeleteThank you Ramona for dedicated, science-driven history. I don't have a book I am trying to promote that disagrees with science, by the way.
ReplyDelete