By Pamela S. Meyers
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Telephone operators during the 1927 call between New York and London Public Domain |
When I was writing Tranquility Point, Book 3 in my
historical series, I had my heroine receive a phone call from her intended
while he was in London and she was in Wisconsin. Sounds plausible. Right? It
would have been except the year was 1918 and the first commercial transatlantic
telephone service didn’t happen until 1927. And, even then, it was done by radio phone and
the cost to make such a call was extremely high. Thankfully, I realized my
error and rewrote the scene with him sending her a telegram instead.
Even before 1927, several attempts at laying cable on
the ocean floor had been attempted with marginal results. Of course, telegraph
cable had been laid between the continents and had been in use for years.
Still, the desire to have a cable laid across the ocean floor that would allow
for many conversations to take place at the same time was the ultimate goal.
They knew what was needed to work, but what was necessary to amplify the voice--a line-up many repeaters
in a chain within the cable--remained elusive. In
time, they were able to make the repeaters small enough, and with the
development of coaxial cable with polyethylene insulation, they were able to
advance their attempts.
On December 1, 1953, an agreement was signed between Great
Britain, Canada, and the United States to work together to lay down two cables
between Scotland and a site in Newfoundland. On the Canadian side, extra links
would then be set up to carry the transmission to Nova Scotia, and then to the
U.S. border where the signal would be sent by a microwave radio link to a
station in Maine.
In March of 1955, the British cable ship called The Monarch laid down the cable
in
sections from Newfoundland to Scotland. Each time they added a length to what
was already laid down, men on the ship would go to work and painstakingly
connect all the wires inside the two lengths of cable then tightly seal it up
and the process of laying down the new length on the ocean floor continued. The
following year. a second cable was laid down, to allow for calls going from the
U.S. to Great Britain on one cable and calls being made from Great Britain to
the U.S on the second cable.
Illustration of the many layers that went into the cable that was laid down during the fifties. |
An inaugural ceremony was held on September 25, 1956, when
the postmaster general in England spoke to the Canadian minister of transport and
the chairman of AT&T in New York. The cable worked perfectly and during
that first day of operation, 588 London to US calls and 119 London to Canada calls were made.
If
you want a more detailed description of how the cable was laid by the ship
Monarch, check out the video at https://youtu.be/qOg3aWwE_a0
Today with cell
phones and satellite phones we take calling others all over the globe for
granted, but back then it was a very big deal.
Do you speak to others in other
countries regularly?
Pamela S. Meyers loves to write stories set in and around her hometown of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. She is currently working on her four-book series that highlights the history of the area and the lake. Tranquility Point, Book Three in the series, releases in April 2020.
She lives in northern Illinois with her two rescue cats and is close enough to get back to her beloved Wisconsin within about an hour.
Very interesting! I've never had a transatlantic phone call. Technology is pretty amazing. Thanks for the post.
ReplyDeleteWow! My sisters worked for the telephone company right after they finished high school. They still talk about those times and all they learned. Also, I remember learning how to have "phone etiquette" in elementary school. How times have changed. :-)
ReplyDeleteI remember the excitement of those calls. I was in college during that time. We talked about it a lot in my science classes as well in English classes and journalism. We all talked about what a miracle it would be to talk with someone in another country half-way around the world.
ReplyDeleteJust this past year, I received a text message wishing me a happy birthday and it came all the way from Cambodia where my son and dil were on a mission trip. Then later, they sent a video of some of their work there to my phone. It's really mind-boggling to think of the progress made since those first cables were laid. Thanks for the history lesson.