By Mary Davis
In 1913,
Mary F. Stafford started the first Pack Horse Library in Paintsville, Kentucky,
supported by local coal baron John C. C. Mayo. When Mayo died the following
year, the funding died with him and the program ended.
In the
midst of the Great Depression, the WPA (Works Progress Administration) under
the Second New Deal provided government work for the unemployed. Elizabeth
Fullerton worked in the women’s and professional projects at the WPA and
decided to resurrect Stafford’s concept. A Leslie County Presbyterian minister
provided his library if the WPA would fund personnel to take the books to people
who couldn’t get to a library. This initiated the new Pack Horse Library. The
Pack Horse Library Project was established under the WPA in 1935. By 1936,
eight of these libraries were in operation.
 |
WPA Librarians
|
Pack
Horse Librarians, mostly women, were hired to go into the remote parts of the
Appalachian Mountains to deliver books to the residents who didn’t have access
to a library. They carried approximately 100 books with them. These brave
ladies (a.k.a. “Book Women”) traveled 50-100 miles a week by horse or mule and,
sometimes, on foot or rowboat for $28 a month. Often, the only income their
families had.
 |
Librarian on Horseback |
However,
the money from this program only covered salaries, so books had to be obtained
by other means. Many were the old or damaged books and periodicals larger
libraries no longer had use for, as well as out-of-date text books from schools
and churches.
The
donated books would be repaired and readied by the head librarian at the local
headquarters for delivery to individual homes and schoolhouses. Resourceful librarians
made card catalogs out of cheese boxes and bent old license plates into
bookends.
In the
beginning, there were 800 books for 5-10,000 people, not nearly enough to go
around. The residents were hungry for reading material, so librarians put
together scrapbooks of newspaper and magazine clippings as well as anecdotes
and local recipes. These became so popular, that the patrons made some of their
own with family history, child-rearing advice, recipes, and sewing patterns to
be circulated by the Pack Horse Librarians. Some 200 different books had been
created by librarians and patrons.
 |
Librarian at a School |
PTAs and
women’s clubs helped to raise funds for new books, and communities had book
drives and open houses. The program grew to 30 libraries, servicing 100,000
patrons. In addition to distributing books, the librarians provided reading
lessons, would read aloud to people, and brought new ideas to these isolated
areas. As outsiders, they were sometimes not welcomed.
By 1936,
the collection had grown to around 33,000 books that were circulated to about
57,000 families. There was generally a one-week lending period.
 |
Book Woman Reading to Man |
One book
woman guided her horse across cliffs to get to her patrons. Another walked her
eighteen-mile route after her mule died. And yet another walked beside her mule
because it was old. The librarians had to furnish their own horse or mule,
which were often leased. The Pack Horse Librarian project continued until 1943
when the government funding was withdrawn.
Whether
by horse, mule, on foot, or boat, these brave pack horse librarians never wavered
from their goal.
Happy Reading!
UNPUZZLING THE PAST
1990s Cozy
Mystery
Written by Mary L. Chase, Edited By
Mary Davis
When secrets
and lies are uncovered, will Mar be able to put the pieces together to learn
the truth? A year after the death of her mom, Margaret Ross discovers the
proverbial skeleton in the closet. Most families have a secret or two. Some are
best left alone. Others need to be brought to the light of day to heal old
wounds. With the help of her best friend, a lawyer, and a handsome doctor, Mar
determines to hunt down all the facts. When she does, will she find what she’s
searching for? Or should she let this puzzle R.I.P.?
Mary
lives in the Rocky Mountains with her husband of thirty-nine years
and one foster cat. She has three adult children and three incredibly
adorable grandchildren. Find her online at:
Sources
https://settlementlibrary.blogspot.com/2009/12/pack-horse-library-project.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pack_Horse_Library_Project