The Ship Pandora and a Giveaway

Aftermath of the Bounty

The HMS Pandora was a British naval frigate of the late eighteenth century. She was in use during England’s threatened invasion by France and Spain in 1779, and in American Revolution. The Pandora captured or helped capture several American privateers. But she is best known for her final mission, in 1790—to capture and return the mutineers of HMS Bounty.

The Pandora set sail Nov. 7, 1790, with Edward Edwards as captain. At the start of the voyage, 134 men made up the crew. Most were English, Scottish, Irish, or Welsh, but there were also quite a few Germans and Scandinavians. Their mission was to recover the Bounty, capture the mutineers, and return them to England for trial.

The refitted ship had twenty six-pound guns and four eighteen-pound carronades. Lots of firepower. They sailed by way of Cape Horn, arriving in Tahiti March 23, 1791.

Captain Bligh of the Bounty

In Tahiti, they found fourteen of the Bounty’s former crew.  Two others of the Bounty men had been killed there since the mutiny.  Four of the survivors had remained loyal to Captain Bligh, but had not been set adrift with him. All of the fourteen men in Tahiti at that time either turned themselves in to Edwards or were captured by his men.

The mutineers had split up. Eight of them had left with Fletcher Christian, who led the uprising, to set up a new home on the then uncharted island of Pitcairn. They took a number of Polynesian men and women with them and burned the Bounty to avoid detection.

Bligh and loyal men set adrift

Though the Pandora searched for months, stopping in at several islands, these men were never recaptured. The colony at Pitcairn was not discovered until 1808, after all but one of the men had died. Descendants of Christian and the other mutineers still live on Pitcairn.

The plan was for the Pandora to return the mutineers they took into custody to England to face trial. The prisoners were locked in a makeshift cell on the quarterdeck, which they referred to as “Pandora’s Box.”

For three months, the ship sailed about, stopping at various islands in fruitless search of the rest of the escaped mutineers. During this period, fourteen of the Pandora’s crew went AWOL with two of the ship’s small boats, perhaps succumbing to the same allure of the islands as the Bounty’s crew had before them.

Site of the Pandora wreck courtesy Queensland Museum

At last the Pandora headed home via the Torres Strait. She wrecked on the coral of the Great Barrier Reef, off the coast of North Queensland, Australia, claiming the lives of 35 men. These were thirty-one of the Pandora’s crew and four of the prisoners. A crewman had unbolted the cell, allowing ten of the prisoners to escape before the ship sank.

 After two nights on a small sand cay, the remaining eighty-nine men of the ship’s company and ten prisoners set out in four open boats, hoping to make it to Timor, where Captain Bligh had sailed with the other eighteen displaced Bounty officers and crewmen a couple of years earlier. Bligh’s accomplishment of navigating 5,800 kilometers (3,100 miles) in an open boat is seen as one of the greatest navigational feats in history.

Sinking of the Pandora, painting by Peter Heywood, one of the mutineers who survived.

The Pandora’s captain and crew arrived in Timor Sept. 16 and went on to Batavia (modern day Jakarta). Sixteen more men had died on the way after surviving the wreck. One man deserted in Capetown while on the way home.  Eventually, 78 of the original 134 crewmen made it home.

Captain Edwards, after a court martial, was exonerated in the wreck of the Pandora. No attempt was made to salvage the ship at that time. The ten surviving prisoners were tried for mutiny. Four were found innocent. Three of the six found guilty were hanged. The other three were either pardoned or acquitted.

A final note: the wreck of the Pandora was rediscovered in 1977. It was declared a protected site under the Australian Historic Shipwrecks Act of 1976. The Queensland Museum gradually excavated part of the wreck. A large collection of artifacts is now on display at the museum.
 




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Susan Page Davis is the author of more than sixty published novels. She’s always interested in the unusual happenings of the past. Her newest books include The Seafaring Women of the Vera B. and The Cowboy’s Bride Collection, which was recently named to the Publisher’s Weekly Bestselling Religious Fiction List. She’s a two-time winner of the Inspirational Readers’ Choice Award, and also a winner of the Carol Award and the Will Rogers Medallion, and a finalist in the WILLA Awards and the More Than Magic Contest. Visit her website at: www.susanpagedavis.com .

Captain Bligh--There's more to him than the Bounty

William Bligh. What pictures does the name bring to mind?

Susan Page Davis here. I read the Bounty trilogy by Nordoff and Hall when I was in high school and loved it. I always assumed it was pretty much the truth. Now that I've written dozens of historical novels and done more research, I realize that the authors took some liberties with the characters.

Vice Admiral William Bligh

So, Captain Bligh.

What you probably know about him:

1.    He was captain of the HMS Bounty when the famous mutiny occurred.
2.    ?




 

What you probably don’t know about him:

1.    He rose in the British Royal Navy to the rank of vice admiral.

2.    He was fourth governor of New South Wales, Australia.

3.    He was signed up for the Royal Navy at age seven, an age when it was common at that time (1761) to sign on “young gentlemen” so they could gain experience at sea.

4.    Captain James Cook chose Bligh as master of one of the ships in his fleet when he made his third voyage to the Pacific. It was during this voyage, ten years before the famous mutiny, that Cook was killed by natives in Hawaii.

5.    Between wars (1783-87), Bligh was a captain in merchant service. This was when he met Fletcher Christian, a young sailor he befriended and mentored, teaching him navigation.

6.    After the mutiny led by Christian in April, 1789, Bligh and his loyal men were set adrift in 23-foot open boat. Under Bligh’s guidance, they sailed 3,618 nautical miles (equal to 6,701 km or 4,164 land miles) without charts to the nearest European settlement at that time, in Timor. They lost only one man, a quartermaster killed by natives when they attempted to stop at an island for supplies.

Bligh and part of his crew set adrift after the 1789 mutiny

Because of that feat, Bligh is still known today as one of the best navigators ever. He honed his skills while serving under Captain Cook. The voyage to Timor in the small boat seemed impossible, yet in 47 days, he and his men arrived there.

How did he do it? When Christian and his cohorts put them adrift, they let Bligh and his men have four cutlasses, a quadrant, a compass, and enough food and fresh water for about a week. Everyone assumed they could make it to an island called Tofua, not far away, and resupply there. But that’s where the hostile natives attacked them and killed the quartermaster, so they didn’t get the food and water they needed.

From May 4 to 29, the eighteen men in the boat lived on about an ounce and a third of bread each per day. The boat was so full of men, it sat low in the water. Because it was so crowded, four loyal men had been left behind with the mutineers, who later released them in Tahiti. But those in the launch suffered badly. They sailed through stormy seas, in constant fear of sinking, and nearly starved.

On May 29, they sighted an island of the Great Barrier Reef, near Australia. This area was not yet colonized. Bligh sketched maps as they sailed along the reef, through what is known as the Torres Strait, between Australia and New Guinea, and on toward the Indian Ocean. They landed at Timor on June 15. Some of the men died of illness soon afterward, but most of the survivors went on to Batavia (modern day Jakarta) and waited for a ship to take them to England.

The cause of the mutiny has never been satisfactorily explained. Though Bligh has been portrayed in fiction and films as an intolerant, even sadistic man, the records say otherwise. While he didn’t suffer fools gladly, he was known as rather an “enlightened” captain, who was concerned about cleanliness, good diet, and exercise to keep his crew healthy. He was not mean, and indeed was slower to punish his crewmen, and with milder sentences, than some other officers of the time.

The Bounty had been sent to Tahiti to get breadfruit plants to take to the Caribbean, and they were delayed several months in Tahiti while waiting for the plants to mature before transporting. Many say that the crew simply didn't want to leave the idyllic life they had found in the South Pacific.

Much more could be told about Bligh’s life, his later accomplishments, and about the mutiny and its aftermath, but we will leave that for another day.


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Susan Page Davis is the author of more than sixty published novels. She’s always interested in the unusual happenings of the past. She’s a two-time
winner of the Inspirational Readers’ Choice Award, and also a winner of the Carol Award and the Will Rogers Medallion, and a finalist in the WILLA Awards and the More Than Magic Contest. Visit her website at: www.susanpagedavis.com .