Rome's Gardens of Eden: Beauty, Temptation, and Betrayal Part 1

by Liisa Eyerly

Rome had no shortage of power-hungry, ego-maniacal emperors, but why should the men get all the notoriety? If power and wealth corrupt, the empresses were not immune.

Enter Valeria Messalina, the third wife of Roman Emperor Claudius, paternal cousin of Emperor Nero, second cousin of Emperor Caligula, great-grandniece of Emperor Augustus, and the mother of Claudia Octavia, the stepsister and first wife of Emperor Nero. There was a large amount of inbreeding in the family. Messalina Louvre Museum, CC BY-SA 3.0  <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

The ideal Roman stood in sharp contrast to the luxury and excess embraced by

many emperors and aristocrats, whose vast fortunes came from Rome's conquests and the wealth of its provinces.

Romans called their cultural identity Romanitas—a commitment to shared values such as devotion to country, respect for parents and family, reverence for the gods, hard work, honesty, and self-discipline. Above all, they prized gravitas: the seriousness of character, moral virtue, and sense of duty that defined the ideals of early Republican Rome. Claudius Sergey Sosnovskiy, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Messalina enters history with a reputation as ruthless, predatory, and sexually insatiable, while her husband, the emperor Claudius, is painted as easily led by her and unaware of her many adulteries. Not exactly a Roman role model. But before we completely vilify her, remember that many records written by men of the time were "suspicious of women" and were not completely free of "scandalous gossip." Messalina Sailko, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons Messalina statue

That said, Messalina is hard to excuse. Her husband's family, especially the females, seemed to be specially targeted by Messalina. Her list of enemies was long—and often fatal.

· She persuaded Claudius to exile his niece Julia Livilla a second time on charges of adultery with the philosopher Seneca. Julia was later executed, though Seneca survived and returned from exile seven years later.

· Messalina accused another niece, Julia Livia, of immorality and incest and had her executed on Claudius's orders.

· Agripina the Younger, Claudius’s last surviving niece, was accused of leading Statilius Taurus in crimes of "magical and superstitious practices.” Taurus committed suicide, and Messalina was only prevented from further persecuting Agrippina because she was distracted by her new lover, Gaius Silius.

According to later accounts, Messalina even plotted to kill the young Nero, sending assassins to his bedchamber. Though the attempt failed, she continued trying to eliminate both Nero and his mother. 

· Poppaea Sabina the Elder, Messalina’s rival for the affection of the actor Mnester, was harassed until she took her own life.

· Marcus Vinicius was allegedly poisoned after rejecting her advances. Painting Hans Makart, Public domain

· She arranged the execution of Polybius, one of Claudius's influential freedmen secretaries.

· She instigated the deaths of two prominent senators, Appius Silanus and Valerius Asiaticus. Silanus was married to Messalina's mother, Domitia Lepida. Messalina restricted her mother’s loyalty to herself.

· Messalina coveted a property owned by Asiaticus, the magnificent Gardens of Lucullus. He was accused of adultery and engaging in homosexual acts, and Claudius condemned him to death.

Claudius remained devoted to Messalina even after learning that she had gone 

through a marriage ceremony with her latest lover, Senator Gaius Silius, while still legally married to the emperor. Historians speculate the union was part of a plot to overthrow Claudius and place Silius on the throne. When the conspiracy unraveled, Messalina fled with her mother to her beloved refuge, the Gardens of Lucullus. Max Roeder, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Despite the evidence against her, Claudius arranged a private meeting. Before it could take place, however, his freedman—claiming to act on the emperor's orders—sent the Praetorian Guard to execute her. At the Gardens of Lucullus, Messalina was offered the honorable choice of suicide. Unable to take her own life, she was killed by a guardsman's sword. Italiano: Fotogramma del film muto Messalina, dir Enrico Guazzoni, prod Guazzoni Film, Roma, 1923

In next month's blog, we'll step inside the fabled Gardens of Lucullus, a place of breathtaking beauty and deadly intrigue, where Messalina reportedly entertained lovers, plotted against rivals, and spent her final hours before execution.


Step into the shadowy streets of 96 AD Ephesus, where danger lurks around every corner, and the line between friend and foe is razor-thin. Fortunes of Death, plunges you into a world where faith is tested, alliances are shattered, and one woman's courage could be the difference between life and death.

Sabina, a fierce young Christian widow, is thrust into a deadly game when a wealthy citizen is murdered. With her friend’s life hanging in the balance, Sabina must unravel a web of lies, deceit, and hidden motives. Every clue she uncovers brings her closer to the truth—and closer to becoming the next victim.

This isn't just a murder mystery. It's a gripping tale of faith, resilience, and the power of one woman standing against the darkness.

Visit me at my website, on my Author Facebook page,

or purchase my books at:

Fortunes of Death

Obedient Unto Death

My Amazon book page

Mystery, murder, and mayhem aren’t your typical Christian themes—but why should secular authors have all the fun solving crimes in ancient Rome? My love of history, scripture, and whodunits led me to blend faith with intrigue, bringing the world of the early Christians to life. Writing from my home in the woods of northern Wisconsin, I also draw inspiration from my travels to Turkey, Greece, and Italy, where I’ve walked the same streets my characters once did. Through historical mysteries, I explore a time when faith was a matter of life and death—literally. 

The Most Powerful and Notorious Address on Earth - Domus Augustana Part 2

 by Liisa Eyerly

#1 AI image #2 Domitian I, Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, via Wikimedia Commons, 

From atop Rome’s Palatine Hill, Roman rulers governed millions of people, from Britain to Egypt for nearly two thousand years. Crowning the famous hill stands the palace Domus Augustana. Power and wealth, control and opulence, radiated from every marble column and gilded hall. Designed to awe foreign ambassadors, military commanders, and senators alike, the palace proclaimed a single message: Rome had one ruler. It was not merely the emperor's home—it was the beating heart of an empire.  

Gone are its elegant courtyards, reflecting pools, audience halls, and lavish dining rooms. Its grand vaulted chambers, stairways, and terraces that cascaded down the hillside are mere skeletons, connected by crumbling colonnades and collapsed balconies. A relic of one of the largest and most extravagant royal residences in the ancient world.

• The public state palace (Domus Flavia)
• The private residence (Domus Augustana)
• The enormous garden-stadium
• Multiple courtyards, pools, fountains, reception halls, dining rooms, and service areas. 

Cassius Ahenobarbus, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
You can still see the remains of sunken peristyle courtyards and the famous third peristyle, which still preserves the footprint of its massive rectangular pool. Archaeologists believe the pool occupied most of the courtyard and may have contained a small island shrine, possibly dedicated to Minerva, Domitian's favorite goddess. 

    #1 Cassius Ahenobarbus,CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons, #2 AI Image

Despite its grandeur, the palace witnessed one of Rome's most dramatic assassinations. In September of AD 96, Emperor Domitian was lured into a private chamber by conspirators that included palace officials and members of his household. Believing he was receiving routine business, he instead found himself surrounded by assassins. After a violent struggle, he was stabbed repeatedly and killed, an event that launches Powers of Death, the third book in my Secrets of Ephesus series.  Domitian I, Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, via Wikimedia Commons,

Domitian was hated for many reasons, but especially his heavy taxation and spending. Enormous sums went to...
building forums, temples, roads, aqueducts
chariot races, gladiatorial contests, beast hunts
military campaigns
excessive palace staff, extravagant court entertainment
religious festivals, imported luxuries

#1 AI-generated image, #2 Miguel Hermoso Cuesta, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

A flashpoint of criticism came when he demolished many of the previous aristocratic houses to construct his Domus Flavia and the Domus Augustana, the first true imperial palace complex on the Palatine Hill. The palace dwarfed the homes of earlier emperors such as Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, and Nero. Critics viewed the vast palace complex as a symbol of monarchy rather than the unpretentious leadership expected of a Roman princeps. His home asserted that Domitian intended to rule as an absolute monarch. ([Wikipedia][1]) (Cassius Ahenobarbus, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia CommonsAugustus,)

History invites an unsettling question: would Domitian have been assassinated had his ambition and ego not driven him to create one of the largest and most extravagant residential complexes in the Roman world—a sprawling monument of marble, fountains, and gardens? Had Domitian been content with a more modest residence, would his enemies have found fewer reasons to strike? We can never know. But there is a certain irony that the emperor who built a palace the size of seven modern football fields may have also constructed the perfect stage for his own assassination.

 

Step into the shadowy streets of 96 AD Ephesus, where danger lurks around every corner, and the line between friend and foe is razor-thin. Fortunes of Death, plunges you into a world where faith is tested, alliances are shattered, and one woman's courage could be the difference between life and death.

Sabina, a fierce young Christian widow, is thrust into a deadly game when a wealthy citizen is murdered. With her friend’s life hanging in the balance, Sabina must unravel a web of lies, deceit, and hidden motives. Every clue she uncovers brings her closer to the truth—and closer to becoming the next victim.

This isn't just a murder mystery. It's a gripping tale of faith, resilience, and the power of one woman standing against the darkness. 

Visit me at my website, on my Author Facebook page,

or purchase my books at:

• Fortunes of Death
• Obedient Unto Death
• My Amazon book page

 

Mystery, murder, and mayhem aren’t your typical Christian themes—but why should secular authors have all the fun solving crimes in ancient Rome? My love of history, scripture, and whodunits led me to blend faith with intrigue, bringing the world of the early Christians to life. Writing from my home in the woods of northern Wisconsin, I also draw inspiration from my travels to Turkey, Greece, and Italy, where I’ve walked the same streets my characters once did. Through historical mysteries, I explore a time when faith was a matter of life and death—literally

 

 

The Most Powerful and Notorious Address on Earth - Domus Augustana Part 1

by Liisa Eyerly

by1 #1 AI image  #2 https://romeitaly.ca/images/domusaugustana.jpg

Today, the Domus Augustana is one of the most impressive ruins on the Palatine Hill, but only a fraction of the palace remains standing. Perched atop Rome's famous hill, the private residence of the emperors was one of the most powerful addresses in the ancient world. In 96 A.D. when my Secrets of Ephesus murder series takes place, Domus Augustana was the Heart of an Empire, and the palace would have looked vastly different than today. The first image reimagines what it could have looked like two thousand years ago.

 The first image reimagines what it could have looked like two thousand years ago.

• White marble columns lining the peristyles
• Pools reflecting sunlight
• Cypress trees, roses, box hedges, and topiary
• Colorful frescoes covering walls
• Bronze and marble statues
• Water flowing through fountains and channels

From the Palatine Hill, emperors ruled with seemingly unlimited power; adopting the title of Principate instead of emperor or king, to enforce the illusion that they were not dictators. During the period from Augustus in 27 BC through the reign of Marcus Aurelius in AD 180—the emperor, supported by alliances within the army, the Senate, and the Praetorian Guard, was essentially untouchable. There was no legal impeachment, voting him out, or forcing him from office. 

If an emperor became egotistical, unstable, cruel, or simply unfit to rule, Rome had only two practical remedies: a military coup or assassination. As a result, the imperial throne was both the most powerful seat in the world and one of the most dangerous. Assassination of Julius Caesar By Vincenzo Camuccini - Own work, user:Rlbberlin, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=145037989

The palace Domus Augustana was the perfect setting for murder. Thirty-seven emperors are documented as having been murdered—not including Nero, who died by suicide after the military turned against him. The palace’s vaulted chambers, stairways, and multi-level terraces descended the hillside, while subterranean rooms and passageways used by servants, guards, and maintenance workers still survive today. It offered countless hiding places for an assassin, escape routes for a guilty servant, or opportunities for a Praetorian bodyguard to abandon his post.
 

1. Nero's suicide, 2. Caligula assassinated, 3. Claudius poisoned, 4. Galba assassinated, 5. Domitian assassinated. As fascinating as the palace itself is, its most enduring legacy may be the assassination that occurred within its walls—an event that launches Powers of Death, the third book in the Secrets of Ephesus series.

Galba CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Domitian I, Sailko, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, via Wikimedia Commons
Claudius Naples National Archaeological Museum, CC BY 2.5 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5>, via Wikimedia Commons
Caligula Sergey Sosnovskiy from Saint-Petersburg, Russia, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Nero Glyptothek, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Step into the shadowy streets of 96 AD Ephesus, where danger lurks around every corner, and the line between friend and foe is razor-thin. Fortunes of Death, plunges you into a world where faith is tested, alliances are shattered, and one woman's courage could be the difference between life and death.

Sabina, a fierce young Christian widow, is thrust into a deadly game when a wealthy citizen is murdered. With her friend’s life hanging in the balance, Sabina must unravel a web of lies, deceit, and hidden motives. Every clue she uncovers brings her closer to the truth—and closer to becoming the next victim.

This isn't just a murder mystery. It's a gripping tale of faith, resilience, and the power of one woman standing against the darkness.

Visit me at https://liisaeyerly.com/ on my Author Facebook page

or purchase my books at:

Fortunes of Death

Obedient Unto Death

My Amazon book page 

Mystery, murder, and mayhem aren’t your typical Christian themes—but why should secular authors have all the fun solving crimes in ancient Rome? My love of history, scripture, and whodunits led me to blend faith with intrigue, bringing the world of the early Christians to life. Writing from my home in the woods of northern Wisconsin, I also draw inspiration from my travels to Turkey, Greece, and Italy, where I’ve walked the same streets my characters once did. Through historical mysteries, I explore a time when faith was a matter of life and death—literally.

How a Nineteenth-Century School House Became an Icon

By Donna Wichelman

Have you ever observed a house or building in the town where you live and instinctively could identify the period in which it was built? Historians and history aficionados know that they can place the era of a building by it's architecture. This principal of architecture applies to every era across the millennia, and it particularly pertains to school houses built in the United States during the nineteenth century. 

According to the Georgetown Trust for Conservation and Preservation, the brick building known as the Georgetown School built in 1874 and operated as a school until 1938—is considered “the iconic structure in the Georgetown Silver Plume National Historic Landmark District.” Reputed to be the oldest brick building in Colorado, its historical significance can’t be overstated, especially its contribution to the greater story of Colorado’s mining boom of the nineteenth century.

Georgetown School, Georgetown, Colorado: Donna's Gallery 2018

The school house’s architecture was both modern for its time and classic in its design. Similar school houses can be found across America with their Italianate elements. Features include low pitched or flat roofs, overhanging, double-bracketed eaves, emphasis on a vertical structure, tall narrow windows, a boxy symmetry, campaniles—an Italian bell tower--and decorative ornamentation. In every way, the Georgetown School fits the classic design that also includes carved keystones on both round and flattened arches and pilasters that marked the structure’s corners and flanks the central entry bay, which lies under a large gable dormer in the truncated hipped roof.

Italianate structures began to appear throughout the United States in the 1840s, reaching their zenith in the 1850s and began to disappear in the 1880s. Their architecture, especially in school design, mimicked Italian farmhouses and villas and were characterized by vertical and decorative detailing. They were normally two to three stories high, though more elaborate houses and government buildings could be four to five stories.

The hallmark of Italianate architecture can be identified by tall, narrow windows. Many have a crown that is typically in the shape of an inverted “U”. Other window crowns frame the entire window and often have some amount of ornamentation. At times, the crowns may be flat rather than round, but rectangular windows will normally be topped with ornamented pediments.

Cook-Rutledge Mansion in Chippawa Falls Wisconsin
ID 21935463 | Italianate Architecture © Joe Ferrer | Dreamstime.com

Albert Buildings on Queen Victoria Street in London EC4

ID 195238286 | Italianate Architecture © Nicoleta Raluca Tudor | Dreamstime.com

LaFox School, LaFox, Illinois in Kane County, 1871
C/O Dreamstime.com

During the Italianate period, the interior of the schools would have a series of cellular classrooms. Multi-story schools displayed symmetrical stairways or central open stairways with atriums. Another component was the assembly hall in which students would gather for morning announcements or special events.

Once again, the Georgetown School displayed iconic structure of this period. A student would enter through a set of double doors into a small vestibule, then ascend a short flight of stairs to the first floor central hallway. Tall four-paneled doors lined the corridor, each with a transom at the stop. Straight ahead she would view a symmetrical stairway of wood plank stairs leading to an an atrium and the second floor where she would find classrooms and a large assembly hall.

Entrance Vestibule, Georgetown School

Tall Door with Transom

Atrium from the Second Floor

The building was sold to a machine shop but fell into disrepair in the latter part of the twentieth century. In 2007, Georgetown Trust applied for grants to restore the building to its original glory. Eight years later, Georgetown saw its dream come true through generous grants, individual donations, and the Colorado State Historical Fund.

Today, the building operates as the Georgetown Heritage Center, serving the community in many ways, including housing the local history archive. If you happen into the Heritage Center on any given day, you might find Ms. Christine Bradley, local historian and author of The Rise of the Silver Queen doing more research and adding her contribution to the museum. She’s always happy to answer any questions you have about Georgetown, Clear Creek County, and Colorado’s rich mining history. 

For more information, go to www.georgetowntrust.org/heritage-center.

Weaving history and faith into stories of intrigue and redemption grew out of Donna's love of travel, history, and literature as a young adult while attending the United World College of the Atlantic--an international college in Wales, U.K. She enjoys developing plots that show how God's love abounds even in the profoundly difficult circumstances of our lives. Her stories reflect the hunger in all of us for love, belonging, and forgiveness.

Donna was a communications professional before writing full-time. Her short stories and articles have appeared in inspirational publications. She has two indie-published romantic suspense novels, Light Out of Darkness and Undaunted Valor, in her Waldensian Series. Her Gilded Age historical romance, A Song of Deliverance, released in December 2024.

Donna and her husband of forty years participate in ministry at their local church in Colorado. They love spending time with their grandchildren and bike, kayak, and travel whenever possible.