Showing posts with label learning. Show all posts
Showing posts with label learning. Show all posts

Monday, October 7, 2019

The Evolution of Classroom Teaching Tools

by Kathleen L. Maher

This month my historical romance schoolteacher novella collection, Lessons on Love released, and last month most people celebrated the start of another school year. It got me to thinking about the things we take for granted, the modern technologies we enjoy and utilize in our quest for knowledge. Computers, tablets, light boards, videos, and web-streaming from the internet are utilities we almost take for granted, but we lovers of all things historical know that they have only recently been made available.

What technologies, aids, and tools did early American classrooms use? I had a lot of fun taking a closer look.

The blackboard, made of slate, first made its way into the classroom in America just after the turn of the century 1800. Slate is the bedrock for many regions in New York state, including my own (the geologically famous Genesee Shale) but as America settled further west, it took rail lines to transport this heavy material over any distance. Blackboards really came into vogue, then, after 1850 in the rest of the country. Most of us grew up with chalkboards in the classroom, a reliable way for the teacher to communicate words, images and ideas on a large scale once for the whole class. The idea of the blackboard really has not evolved much since. 

Slates the size of books were utilized by each individual student. Before paper was commonly available, this was a student's notebook, so to speak. They would make marks on the slate with a slate pencil, basically a smaller stone which would leave its chalky residue onto the slate board. Later, each student would use chalk. 

Sand Yes, that's right. Before the slate board, each student might have housed a small box of white sand at their desk, to practice making letters, numbers, shapes, and simple marks with their finger. The bottom of the box would be painted black, so the contrast would show through as the student scrolled each mark. The teacher would observe, and then press the sand smooth with a flat iron to start over again for the next lesson. What could possibly go wrong with a dozen or two students and all that sand? I imagine sweeping was a chore reserved for the fidgety kids.

Books: We take for granted that books have been used for centuries, but the first printing press didn't come to the new world until Stephen Daye brought one over the Atlantic in the 1600's. The first publication was then printed in America in 1639. Some argue whether it was an almanac or whether it was a broadsheet. The first book, a rendering of the book of psalms, came in 1640. The most popular early classroom book was the New England Primer, available from 1690.

Hornbooks were an inexpensive alternative to books and paper in early or remote schools during the time when printing and paper manufacture was costly and rare. Looking almost more like a disciplinary tool than a teaching aid, hornbooks were basically wooden (or stone or bone) paddles with the alphabet printed on them, protected by thin, transparent sheets of horn (or mica), over which students could practice tracing. These were in wide use in Europe and America from the 1500's into the 1800's. No Colonial classroom would have been complete without one. 



Magic Lanterns made their debut in 1870. These revolutionary devices consisted of a small light source which could project images developed, produced, or even painted on glass plates onto walls or other surfaces. 

CONTEST: I am giving away one signed print copy of Lessons on Love. To enter, answer this question: What is your favorite memory, tool, or method of learning used in your school days? Please leave your email addy in your answer so we can notify you if random (dot) org chooses your name. I will draw the winner by Friday Oct 11 afternoon.


Lessons on Love
Four schoolteachers find more than they bargained for in their contracts. Class is in session on the four R’s: reading, ‘riting, ‘rithmatic, and romance!
"Where every underdog has his day." 


Kathleen L. Maher’s first crush was Peter Rabbit, and she’s loved conflicted heroes ever since. She has two novellas in BARBOUR BOOKS' collections: Victorian Christmas Brides and Lessons on Love. Winner 2012 ACFW Genesis Award. Author of Sons of the Shenandoah Series: The Abolitionist's Daughter and The Chaplain's Daughter. 
Kathleen and her husband live in an old farmhouse in upstate NY with their children and a small menagerie.

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Monday, September 19, 2016

Beware of the Five-Minute Break (A Slice of the Homeschool Life)

by Linore Rose Burkard

Introduction: Homeschooling is nothing new. Did you know that all of the following presidents were homeschooled?
John Adams, John Quincy Adams, James GarfieldAndrew Jackson, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, James Polk, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, and George Washington

Many famous scientists and inventors were also homeschooled, such as Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison. In our day, homeschooling has become somewhat accepted again, but when I began homeschooling my children in the early 1990s, there were still many raised brows. Chief among the skeptics was always this concern: What about socialization? (This is a running joke among homeschoolers today, who are well aware that their children do not suffer from a lack of socialization.)

It seems people get vastly concerned, though, when children won't be molded, pressured or bullied by their peers five days a week. As if the modern classroom is the only means of socialization. In fact, homeschooled children who interact with a wide variety of age-groups instead of only children their own age, are far better socialized than those in a typical government school. (I don't use the term public school because it doesn't describe the over-reaching control of the federal government on today's schools. They are, in most cases, government controlled via federal dollars. Witness common core. Or the stark absence of God in the classroom.)       

Anyway, some years ago I wrote a monthly column for a homeschool group my family belonged to on Long Island, New York. What follows is one of them. It's a  humorous peek into the less orderly aspect of our days, you might say. If you're a homeschooling mom, or know one--you'll enjoy this.

Beware of the Five-Minute Break

Do your children ask during school hours if they can take just a little, teeny five-minute break? Mine do. I'm not sure how they came up with the idea that they are entitled to do this (probably the first time they tried it, and it worked!) but they insist that five-minute breaks should be part of every home-schooling day.
Lunch and recess? No problem.
Five-minute breaks? Beware!

What's terrible about a little, innocent, five-minute break, you ask?

Ha! First they somehow turn into fifteen minutes or more, and then, in addition to growing longer (all by themselves) they're also addictive! Yes, first it was just one five-minute break a day. But soon the requests changed to
                  "When I finish my math can I take a five-minute break?"
                     "When I'm done with spelling, can I?"
And then reading, and on and on. It wouldn't surprise me in the least if I opened a teacher's manual and saw the instruction:
                         STOP NOW FOR A FIVE-MINUTE BREAK.
Why not? They seem to be everywhere.

Okay, five minutes is not a lot of time. I realize that. The problem is that
                                              kids do not.
Really. To them, being granted permission for a break is like getting a key to a magical door to another world: They step into it hoping they will never have to come back.

Take my oldest son, for instance.
Hungry for his next five-minute fix, Brian's eyes, which are large anyway, suddenly take on beagle proportion, and he puts on all the puppy-dog pathos he can muster. ("Please, Mom, p-l-eeease, can I take a 5-minute break?") And despite the five minutes stretching into ten or more, I am then subjected to a barrage of complaints such as, "Oh, already!? I just started playing with Matt! It can't be five minutes already!"
                  ME: Well, actually, it's been FIFTEEN minutes!
                BRIAN: (laughingly) Fifteen minutes? No way! No way!


Despite his blossoming skills at telling time, he just cannot fathom the realities of a sixty-second minute. Somewhere in the mysterious regions of his just turned seven-year-old brain, he thinks of five minutes in terms of seconds (300 of them) and then expects to live them out in years; What else can account for his daily baffled expression when I inform him that his time is up?

Once, losing all patience, I made the radical move of threatening to abolish five-minute breaks from our school. My children were in arms instantly:
           ME: Where is it written that you must have five-minute breaks?!
           THEM: Mom! EVERYONE has five-minute breaks!!
           ME: I don't! I never get a break! What about that?
For some reason, this morsel of truth never evokes anything other than sheepish smiles: It's true, but they don't care!

Okay, I do take breaks. I start dinner, wash the dishes and perform other  wonderfully rewarding activities. I nurse the baby when she's ready for it, but I keep within ear shot of the "classroom"--just close enough to keep up my stream of "That's enough, no more talking! Okay, be quiet, you two! Brian, did you finish ALL those spelling words? Kaitlin, I thought you were reading!!"
(And when we're close to the end of the school year, my children suddenly have a great deal more to say to each other across the table during school. It's actually a law of the universe, like gravity: The nearer kids are to being DONE with something, the more they drag it out.)

Are you thinking that our methods are not enough fun, that school shouldn't be such a drag that kids can't wait to get away from it? I agree. I just haven't figured out, yet, how to complete all the requirements of the school year in a way that is always fun. (My consolation is that no one else has it figured out, either! ha!) 

Update: In hindsight, I can say with assurance that school isn't always fun--and shouldn't be. Why not? Because sometimes learning is hard work. When it happens to be enjoyable, that's great. Make the most of it. But life often isn't fun or enjoyable--it's just required doing, going, and doing some more. 

Homeschooling is really about preparing kids for life. So, if your homeschooling days are similar to what ours used to be, relax. Working through the hard days and teaching kids to work--especially when it's not fun--is a good  and right thing.

Even if it requires frequent five-minute breaks!  


For a brief history of modern homeschooling, see this article from the Coalition of Responsible Home Education.
For a list of famous men and women who were homeschooled, see here

Are you a homeschooler? If so, would you go back to government schools or not? Leave a comment and let us know!




 
Linore Rose Burkard is best known for historical romance novels with Harvest House Publishers, and now writes YA/Apocalyptic Suspense as L.R.Burkard. Linore teaches workshops for writers, is a mother of five, and still homeschools her youngest daughter—preferably with coffee in one hand and an iPad in the other. Join Linore's mailing list and be automatically entered into a drawing for a free copy of one her books. Winners announced in every issue of her newsletter. 




Do you live in or near Ohio? Join Linore and a fabulous lineup of authors and instructors for the WRITE ON! Christian Writers' Conference coming up soon in Dayton, Ohio. To see the details and schedule, click HERE. (New! Student Discount Available. Save $19!)  But hurry! Pre-Registration closes Sept. 23rd. Walk-ins welcome, but you'll pay more.

(If you come to the conference, be sure to say hello! I'd love to meet you.)

Also: Two fellow authors who write for this very blog are also giving workshops at this conference! Kathleen Rouser and Tamera Lynn Kraft. Come out and meet all of us. :)