Showing posts with label women. Show all posts
Showing posts with label women. Show all posts

Tuesday, April 28, 2026

LAUNDRY DAY IN THE 1880s by Linda Hoover



 

In the second book of my Heart’s Desire series, Heart’s Promise, Jacob and Julia move to Iowa and buy a farm half a day’s wagon ride from town. Living that distance away required farm families to have a large vegetable garden, fruit trees and the animals needed to sustain them. This was about to be an intense learning experience for socialite, Julia, who confessed on their way west that she’d never been in a kitchen before, and the only thing she knew about gardens was that flowers grew there. They were in Iowa only two weeks before Julia confessed she needed help. Their nearest neighbor’s daughter volunteered to stay with them and teach Julia how to be a farm wife.


One of the most labor-intensive things women in that time period had to do was laundry. Water had to be carried in and poured into kettles to heat on the stove. Once it was hot, it went into large wooden tubs. But before they could wash the clothes, they had to have laundry soap. In Julia’s case, they had to start from scratch. She got out the two biggest pots they had and measured out a gallon of water into each. She poured five pounds of sal soda, or washing soda, into a pot along with one pound of borax. One pound of unslaked lime went into the other pot. Both were brought to a boil then emptied into one of the wooden tubs. Eight more gallons of water went in with the hot mixture. After a few stirs, it was left to sit overnight. That was the base for the detergent.


The next day, they made the soft soap by cutting four bars of soap into slivers and boiling it with two pounds of sal soda and three gallons of water for ten minutes. Next half a pint of the soft soap and half a pint of the base, and four more gallons of water were added. They now had four gallons of detergent to work with. The rest of the base got poured into crocks to use for future batches. Now the white clothes were boiled and the colored clothes were scrubbed against a washboard. A wringer attached the wash tub to the rinse tub. Julia cranked the handle as the clothes were fed one at a time through the wringer to the rinse water. The clothes went through the wringer again before they were hung on the line.


While researching laundry detergent I found that for a number of years now a lot of people want to make their own. The ingredients were pretty similar to each other. The link will take you to the Frugal Village website where you can see a recipe for Duggar’s Laundry Soap.



                                                                                


Inventors made steady improvements, but the things they came up with still required manual labor to make it work. It wasn’t until 1907 that Thor came out with an electric washing machine. Other brands soon followed.



An excerpt from Heart’s Journey

As Julia continued to explore their new home, she saw a room off the kitchen with three large wooden tubs leaning against a wall. A contraption with two rollers and a hand crank stood propped in a corner, while several large crocks with lids lined a wall. A freestanding cupboard stood opposite the tubs along with a large wicker basket and a table with a cloth bag full of wooden pegs. She would need an explanation for these items.

 


Buy Heart's Journey            


About the Author

Linda, a retired librarian, lives in west central Ohio with her husband and grandson. An avid reader and writer since childhood, she began her publishing career writing columns and a middle-grade serial for the South Charleston Spectator. She writes Fun, Faith-Filled Historical Romance. Her desire is to entertain, but more importantly, to encourage readers with God’s faithfulness.

You’re invited to visit her website. Browse the pages to learn more about her and her books. Stay in touch when you sign up for her newsletter. You’ll receive a free novella as a thank you.

https://lindahooverbooks.com



Wednesday, March 25, 2026

The Women of the Postage Stamps--Part 2

By Jennifer Uhlarik

 

Hello, readers! Hope you are having a wonderful March. Last month, I started a series of blog posts on the women who had been featured on American postage stamps, and we looked at the first eight ladies on the list. Here I am again, continuing the series, especially since this is the month when we celebrate Women’s History. Let’s see who else was honored with their likeness on American stamps.

 

Jane Addams was the ninth woman to be featured on a stamp. Does anyone know what she was famous for? Born in 1860, Ms. Addams was a very accomplished woman who had many feathers in her cap. Among them were being recognized as the founder of social work; an activist for women’s suffrage; co-founder of Chicago’s Hull House, which offered shelter, aid, and social services to poor immigrant families; co-founder of the ACLU; and the first female winner of the Nobel Peace Prize (which she shared with Nicolas Murray Butler). Her stamp debuted in 1940.




 

It would be another eight years before a woman was featured on a U.S. postage stamp, but in 1948, there were four women given that honor. The first of them was Clara Barton. Clara was born on Christmas Day 1821, and eleven years later, the shy girl began nursing her brother after he suffered a serious head injury (from which he recovered fully). This set her on a path toward nursing, with a few stops in between. During the Civil War, her efforts in caring not only for soldiers’ wounds, but also helping to write letters home, boost morale, and provide bandages and clothing, she became known as the “Florence Nightingale of America” and the ”Angel of the Battlefield.” After the war, she assisted families in finding their missing loved ones who, often, were buried in unmarked graves after the four-year conflict. And in 1881, she succeeded in a years-long campaign to bring the Red Cross, which she’d originally learned about during a trip to Switzerland, to America’s shores. Clara Barton was not only featured on a stamp in 1948, but also a second time in 1995.


1948 Stamp

1994 Stamp


 

The second woman to be commemorated on a postage stamp in 1948 was Juliette Gordon Low. Throughout her lifetime, the Savannah, Georgia, native learned many skills, including painting, shorthand, horseback riding, hunting, woodworking, metalworking, and often also helped in charity work. After a failed marriage, Juliette Gordon Low met the founder of the Boy Scouts in 1911 in England, and was so impressed with the program, she brought its companion organization, the Girl Guides, to Savannah. It was later renamed the Girl Scouts of America, and continues to be a thriving organization today.




 

Next came Moina Michael, who was a teacher by trade. However, she found herself in Europe during the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914. When the United States entered the war three years later, she took a leave of absence from her teaching position to assist at the New York-based training facility of the YWCA. Inspired by the lines of John McCrae’s famous poem, “In Flanders Field,” Moina Michael vowed to always wear a red poppy in remembrance of those lost during the war. This later became the inspiration to make and sell silk poppies to raise money for the disabled veterans. Due to her efforts, the poppy was an adopted by the American Legion Auxiliary as its symbol of remembrance.




 

The last woman’s stamp in 1948 featured three prominent women—not just one. The stamp was known as the “100 Years of Progress of Women” stamp, and featured Elizabeth Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Lucretia Mott, for their work in the Women’s Rights movement and women’s suffrage. 




 

It was another four years before a woman appeared on a postage stamp again. In 1952, the honoree was Betsy Ross, the woman who is credited with sewing our fledgling nation’s first flag. 




 

In 1954, Sacagawea was featured for the first time, along with Lewis and Clark, in their famed expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory. (She was also honored in 1994, this time by herself). Of Shoshoni heritage, Sacagawea was only a teenaged girl when her French trapper husband, Toussaint Charbonneau, was asked by the explorers to act as guide and interpreter for their journey. Sacagawea accompanied the party across thousands of miles, becoming pregnant with and delivering her first child along the way.


1954 Sacagawea Stamp, featuring the
Louis and Clark expedition

1994 Sacagawea Stamp


 

Nearly a decade went by without another woman-centric postage stamp. In 1963, Amelia Earhart was chosen for the honor. As I’m sure most of you know, Ms. Earhart was an accomplished pilot with many “firsts” to her name. She was the first woman passenger to ride across the Atlantic in a plane, the later became the first female pilot to fly across the Atlantic in a non-stop flight. She founded an organization for other female pilots, and went missing and was eventually proclaimed dead in her attempt to become the first female pilot to circumnavigate the globe.


Amelia Earhart Stamp in 1963


 

First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt was also given her own postage stamp in 1963—and twice more, in 1984 and 1998. Since her husband, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, served four terms as President of the United States, she is the longest termed First Lady in our nation’s history. She redefined the role of FLOTUS, becoming the first to hold regular press conferences, write regular newspaper and magazine articles, host regular radio broadcasts, and speak at national conventions. After her husband’s death, she went on to work for the betterment of Human Rights with the UN Commission of Human Rights and served as the first Chair of the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women during the John F. Kennedy presidency, among other things. She continues to be one of the most respected people of the 20th Century according to various polls across many years. No wonder she’s been the guest of honor on our postage stamps three different times.


1963 Eleanor Roosevelt stamp

1984 Eleanor Roosevelt Stamp

1998 Eleanor Roosevelt Stamp


 

I hope you’re enjoying the snapshot of these women. There are certainly quite a number, so we’ll continue our look at these honorees next month. Until then…

 

It’s Your Turn: Which of the women who were honored with their own stamp do you find the most impressive, and why?

 


Jennifer Uhlarik
 discovered western novels at twelve when she swiped the only “horse” book from her brother’s bookshelf. Across the next decade, she devoured westerns and fell in love with the genre. While attaining a B.A. in writing from the University of Tampa, she began penning her own story of the Old West. She has finaled in and won numerous writing competitions and appeared on various best-seller lists. Besides writing, she’s been a business owner, a schoolteacher, a marketing director, a historical researcher, a publisher, and a full-time homemaker. She lives near Tampa, Florida, with her husband and fur children.

 

Available Now: Love and Order: A Three-Part Old West Romantic Mystery

 

Wanted: 

Family, Love, and Justice


One Old West Mystery Solved Throughout Three Short Romantic Stories


Separated as children when they were adopted out to different families from an orphan train, the Braddock siblings have each grown up and taken on various jobs within law enforcement and criminal justice.

 

Youngest child, Callie, has pushed past her insecurities to pursue a career as a Pinkerton agent. Middle child, Andi, has spent years studying law under her adoptive father’s tutelage. And the eldest and only son, Rion, is a rough-and-tumble bounty hunter. 

 

When the hunt for a serial killer with a long history of murders reunites the brother and sisters in Cambria Springs, Colorado, they find themselves not only in a fight for justice, but also a fight to keep their newly reunited family intact. How will they navigate these challenges when further complicated by unexpected romances?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Saturday, February 21, 2026

Roman Citizenship, the Gold Standard

By Liisa Eyerly

Historical authors and readers must navigate a murky and treacherous landscape when writing. Murky because we don’t know all the facts and nuances of any period. So much has been lost to the melting ice cubes of time. Treacherous, because peering into the past confronts us with the impossible task of disconnecting from our present-day selves, modern ideas, and our evolved knowledge base.


Suspending moral judgment on the culture, rules, and practices of the Roman Empire, 2,000 years ago, can be especially challenging. Developing characters while distancing them from modern-age perspectives can be difficult. Depicting beliefs where slavery is neither right nor wrong, simply an accepted way of life; or exposing newborns to nature to die, as a common-sense solution for unwanted children; or their choice of mass capital punishment, ignites moral outrage. Is there a limit to how far we can suspend our beliefs, especially when it comes to our values, good and bad, right and wrong?

But to be fair to the times, we must try as much as possible.

Modern democracies work hard to include all citizens in their country's rights and responsibilities, with equality for all, a laudable goal. But Roman society was anything but equal. It was based on a ladder of legal identities, a tiered system of status, and privilege.

Almost every aspect of a person’s life was governed by their legal designation, and Roman Citizenship was at the top, the gold standard of privilege, power, and rights. And unsurprisingly, a major catalyst for power struggles, resentment, and rebellion in the Roman world.

A. Roman Citizens (Cives Romani)  
* Full rights and protections
* Included elites, veterans, colonists—and some provincials
* Women were citizens too, though without voting or office-holding rights

B. Latins (Latini) Originally from Italy, later expanded
* Partial rights- a “citizenship-adjacent” status
* Could trade and own property
* Sometimes eligible for citizenship after holding local office

C. Freedmen (Liberti)
* Former slaves who had been legally freed
* Became Roman citizens, but with limits:
     * Could not hold high office
     * Owed loyalty and service to former masters
* Their children, however, were full citizens

D. Provincials (Peregrini)  
* The majority of the empire
* Free people, but not citizens
* Governed by local laws, not Roman civil law
* Vulnerable to:
     * Torture
     * Summary punishment
     * Exploitative taxation
* Could gain citizenship through:
     * Military service
     * Imperial favor
     * Collective grants to cities


E. Slaves (Servi)

* Considered property, not persons
* Not determined by race or ethnicity
* No legal rights
* Could be punished, sold, abused, or killed (with some limits in later periods)
* Manumission (freeing a slave) was common—and strategic

Ironically, a freed slave could outrank 
a freeborn provincial in legal status. And it was one of Rome’s quiet engines for social change and mobility.  (Collared Roman slaves / Ashmolean Museum, Photo by Jun, Wikimedia Commons)
Why This Mattered for Christians

Christianity flattened social categories spiritually and sought to practice equality within the church, but Rome did not recognize or understand the religious rationale for Christian inclusiveness. Loyalty to Christ cut across Rome’s legal hierarchy; slaves shared the Lord’s supper with their masters, each serving the other on equal footing, and this terrified authorities. In the provinces like Ephesus, where my books take place, this legal gray zone was a powder keg and exactly the kind of fault line Rome cracked down on.

Christians included:    
* Slaves
* Women
* Foreigners
* A few citizens

Each of these legal designations included categories; even within the upper classes, women and children were typically at the bottom. Tune in next month for a look at the limits, challenges, and opportunities women of the Roman Empire 
faced.


Step into the shadowy streets of 96 AD Ephesus, where danger lurks around every corner, and the line between friend and foe is razor-thin. Fortunes of Death, plunges you into a world where faith is tested, alliances are shattered, and one woman's courage could be the difference between life and death.

Sabina, a fierce young Christian widow, is thrust into a deadly game when a wealthy citizen is murdered. With her friend’s life hanging in the balance, Sabina must unravel a web of lies, deceit, and hidden motives. Every clue she uncovers brings her closer to the truth—and closer to becoming the next victim.

This isn't just a murder mystery. It's a gripping tale of faith, resilience, and the power of one woman standing against the darkness.

Visit me at my website, on my Author Facebook page,

or purchase my books at:


Liisa’s books have been called a cross between Agatha Christie and Francine Rivers. Her mystery novel, Obedient Unto Death, won the Eric Hoffer First Horizon Award for a debut novel and first place in the Spiritual Fiction category. The sequel, Fortunes of Death, continues the Secrets of Ephesus series, weaving fascinating Christian twists into the historical mystery genre of the first-century Roman Empire. Liisa’s travels to Turkey, Greece, and Italy have enriched her stories with vivid depictions of New Testament culture, history, and people.




Friday, October 21, 2022

Procula: The Wife Who Could Have Changed History—or Not

By Sherri Stewart

 

Have you ever watched a movie more than a few times and wished that the ending would be different this time? Imagine if Jack had somehow survived the icy Atlantic waters and shown up later in Rose’s life in Titanic? Today’s woman of influence takes what-if’s to whole new level.

Although the Bible contains little personal information about Pontius Pilate’s wife, various historical and apocryphal records identify her as Claudia Procula. Claudia grew up near a Roman outpost close to the Mediterranean Sea. It’s believed that her arranged marriage to Pontius Pilate bolstered Pilate’s political standing, perhaps leading to him being named governor of Judea in 26 AD. As part of his governing responsibilities, Pilate reported to Jerusalem during the Jewish festival to keep order and preside over legal proceedings, Claudia was with Pilate in Jerusalem during Jesus’s trial. It was unusual for a wife to accompany her husband to a post, which might mean they had a loving relationship. Did God lead Pilate to invite his wife for such a time as that?

At the height of Jesus’s trial before Pilate, Claudia sent her husband a note that strongly warned him against the impending judgment. “Don’t have anything to do with that innocent man,” she said, “for I have suffered a great deal today in a dream because of him” (Matthew 27:19). Pilate  took the time to read her message, which shows that he valued her opinion, but ultimately, he bowed to the crowds and issued a death sentence despite his wife’s warning.

If only Pilate had heeded his wife’s warning—the one verse about her in the Bible—the whole of history would have changed. But then, Jesus wouldn’t have died on the cross, risen from the dead, and we’d still be in our sin, having no hope for a life with Him in heaven. So here’s the rub. Who influenced Procula to send the note to her husband? This is unlike Titanic—we want a different ending, but if we get what we want, we lose everything. 

Some people believe that perhaps Claudia was the person responsible for relaying the details of Jesus’s trial to the disciples for documentation. Chris Bolinger explains, “She would have known the intimate details because he [Pilate] told her after the dreadful day where he sent an innocent man to his death. And, of course, she would have remembered every detail because she had had a dream warning her husband to have “nothing to do with that righteous man.” Crosswalk.com 2020 20 Mar. How else would we know about the dream?

Peter denied Jesus, Judas betrayed him, the rest of the disciples fled. Crowds cried, “Crucify him! Crucify him!” The only one who tried to save his life was a woman, a Gentile woman, a pagan woman. She was the only one who didn’t bow to public pressure. She interceded despite overwhelming opposition. But, of course, she couldn’t be successful, or we’d die in our sins. Still, I have a feeling that we’ll meet Claudia Procula someday.


 


 


Sherri Stewart loves a clean novel, sprinkled with romance and a strong message that challenges her faith. She spends her working hours with books—either editing others’ manuscripts or writing her own. Her passion is traveling to the settings of her books and sampling the food. She loves the Netherlands, and she’s still learning Dutch, although she doesn’t need to since everyone speaks perfect English. A recent widow, Sherri lives in Orlando with her lazy dog, Lily. She shares recipes, tidbits of the book’s locations, and pix in her newsletter. Subscribe at http://eepurl.com/gZ-mv9

What Hides behind the Walls

If the Nazis stole your house, wouldn’t you be justified in stealing it back now that the war is over?

When Tamar Feldman admits to her husband, Daniel, and mentor, Neelie Visser, that she broke into her former home, they scold her for taking such a risk. Tamar is tired of being careful. She’s tired of living in the present, as if the past doesn’t matter. But the painting of the violin girl in her former bedroom draws her back again and again. She finally steals the painting to return it to its former owner. Now maybe this small act of justice will help her start to heal What Tamar doesn’t realize is the past isn’t finished with her yet; in fact, it’s as close as the walls in her house and even follows her to Paris.

https://amzn.to/3fxHAHo