Before Land Between the Lakes: Communities That Disappeared

In my continuing series about Kentucky towns that moved—or disappeared—I couldn't overlook the communities that once stood in what is now Land Between the Lakes.

Long before campers pitched tents beneath towering oaks or anglers launched boats into Kentucky and Barkley Lakes, nearly 2,800 people called this peninsula home. Known then as Between the Rivers, the region was a close-knit collection of farms, churches, schools, country stores, and small villages where neighbors often gave directions by creek crossings instead of street names.

Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area today,
 showing the location of Golden Pond.
Map by Ontheworldmap.com

After the completion of Kentucky Dam and Barkley Dam, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) proposed creating a national recreation area. A canal connecting the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers transformed the land into a peninsula encompassing approximately 170,000 acres in western Kentucky and Tennessee.

To make that vision a reality, every resident was required to relocate.

Entire communities vanished from the landscape, including Golden Pond, Kentucky, and Model and Tharpe, Tennessee, along with numerous smaller settlements scattered across the peninsula.

Most of these were tiny villages rather than incorporated towns. Golden Pond—the largest—had fewer than 300 residents when Land Between the Lakes was established. There were no factories, railroads, public water systems, or sewer lines. Electricity came from two rural electric cooperatives, and telephone service was limited to lines running along U.S. 68 and portions of the highway now known as the Woodlands Trace National Scenic Byway.

Visitors can walk on the concrete map at the Golden
Pond overlook and imagine the homes and businesses
that once existed there.

Today, Golden Pond lives on as the location of the Land Between the Lakes Visitor Center. From an overlook above the original town site, visitors can study a street map recreated by the U.S. Forest Service, which has managed Land Between the Lakes since 1998, and imagine the homes and businesses that once stood there.

Yet Golden Pond was once much more than a dot on the map.

A painting of Golden Pond, Kentucky, from mid-20th century.
 Artist unknown.

During the early twentieth century, it was a thriving rural community with a hotel, bank, church, café, two general stores, and a filling station. Although a devastating fire destroyed much of the business district in 1933, residents rebuilt most of what had been lost.

Golden Pond also became famous during Prohibition.

While, as one resident observed, "the big percentage of people here never had anything to do with whisky making," the region nevertheless earned a reputation for producing exceptional corn liquor. Its rugged hills, dense forests, and remote location made it an ideal place for illegal distilleries.

One colorful story tells of a local "king bee" in Golden Pond, who acted as a wholesaler for area moonshiners. Distillers reportedly delivered their whiskey to him for distribution and payment. According to local tradition, the liquor was poured into a well on a nearby hill and flowed through pipes leading directly into the king bee's house—a tale that illustrates the folklore surrounding the area's moonshining past.

Federal authorities fought a long battle against the illicit trade. From the early 1930s through the 1950s, the Federal Alcohol and Tobacco Tax Unit maintained five or six investigators in the region. The last operating still was seized in 1967, although TVA officials reportedly discovered evidence of a recently abandoned still as late as 1969.

Golden Pond was only one of many communities that disappeared.

In Tennessee, settlements included Tip Top, Blue Spring, Caleb's Valley, Fort Henry, Futrell, and Iron Valley. Kentucky communities included Fenton, Turkey Creek, and Pleasant Hill in Trigg County, along with Twin Lakes, Woodson Chapel, and Carmack in Lyon County.

Today, little remains of these once-vibrant communities except scattered cemeteries, old foundations hidden beneath the trees, family photographs, and cherished memories. Their stories are preserved through exhibits at the Golden Pond Visitor Center, reunions, and social media groups maintained by former residents and their descendants.

Millions of people now visit Land Between the Lakes each year to enjoy its forests, lakes, and wildlife. Few realize they are walking roads once traveled by schoolchildren, farmers, merchants, and churchgoers—following the footsteps of generations who called Between the Rivers home.

Sources:

Ed Huddleston, “The Land Between the Rivers,” reprinted from Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tenn., September, 1957.

Marie Wells Coutu, The Development of the Land Between the Lakes 1961-1972: A Case Study in Public Relations, Master’s Thesis, Murray (Ky.) State University, August 1973.

Harry Bolser, “Lakes Land: Iron to Alcohol,” Courier-Journal and Times, Louisville, Ky., August 31, 1969.

Senior Class, Lyon County High School, One Century of Lyon County History, Eddyville, Ky., 1964.

Multi-award-winning author Marie Wells Coutu finds beauty in surprising places, like undiscovered treasures, old houses, and gnarly trees. All three books in her Mended Vessels series, contemporary stories based on the lives of biblical women, have won awards in multiple contests. She is currently working on historical romances set in her native western Kentucky in the 1930s and ‘40s. Moonshine River, the first book in her Between the Rivers Legacy series, will release this fall. Learn more at www.MarieWellsCoutu.com.

When the lights of Broadway dim, Delia leaves the city behind. But will her family welcome her home again?

The historical short story, “All That Glistens,” was inspired by an old photo of a woman from the Between the Rivers area of western Kentucky. The story was included in the 2023 Saturday Evening Post Great American Fiction collection and is now available free when you sign up for Marie's newsletter here. In her newsletter, she shares about her writing, historical tidbits, recommended books, and sometimes recipes.

Miss Minnette Goes to Broadway and Back

If you’ve been to a Broadway show in New York City, you likely admired the opulent grandeur of the theatre, reminiscent of the early 1900s. Ornate moldings and gilded plaster carvings cover every available surface. The proscenium arch is typically highlighted with gold leaf-covered motifs reflecting the building’s architectural style—rococo, art deco, or beaux-arts.

The proscenium arch, ceiling, and box seats adjacent
to the stage of the Lyceum Theatre are typical of the
detailed design features of early-1900s Broadway
theatres that have been preserved or restored.

Then, when the production began, if you’re like me, you sat open-mouthed as you became immersed in the story and in awe of the performers’ talent.

A number of years ago, I came across these photos and a brief story about a Broadway actress from a tiny town in western Kentucky, which piqued my curiosity. She was born Minnie Vogel and went to New York City about 1909, where she used the stage name Minnette. According to an article in Between the Rivers magazine, she starred in the Broadway play Ray’s Down the Pike Co. Her family believed she may have written the play herself, but no one seems to know how she made the 900-plus mile trip at the age of 18 from Star Lime Works to the big city.

The story intrigued me because Minnette shared little information about her time in New York once she returned home. No records exist of an actress of her name or a play by that title on Broadway (although there was an actress named Minnette Barrett, who performed on Broadway from 1907 to 1953). This raised questions of what happened while this small-town girl was in New York City, and my speculations became the basis for my short story, “All That Glitters,” although I chose the 1930s for my setting.

As part of my research, I found five prominent theaters that were built between 1901 and 1913, when Minnette left the city, and are still in use today:

• The New Amsterdam Theatre: opened in 1903 with A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Home of the Ziegfeld Follies from 1913-1927, and is one of a few operating under its original name.

• The Lyceum Theatre: opened in 1903 with a production of The Proud Prince. Oldest continually operating as a legitimate theater space in New York City. Retained its original name throughout its history.

• The Palace Theatre: opened in 1913 with Miss Civilization. During the height of the Vaudeville era, the Palace was considered the most desirable venue by Vaudevillian performers.

• The Schubert Theatre: opened in 1913 with Easy Come, Easy Go. Connected by a private road to its sister theatre, the Booth.

• The Booth Theater: opened in 1913 with a production of The Great Adventure. Named after the famed actor Edwin Booth, brother of Lincoln assassin John Wilkes Booth.

The mysterious Miss Minnette had a “successful” career, as described by her pastor, but “it did not prove for her good.” Nevertheless, before her death she wrote, “Praise to God I die happy, although I know not the hour my Lord cometh. Do not cry, but just be glad. God bless you all. Meet me in heaven.”

Minnette was no doubt one of many performers whose short-term fame faded into obscurity.

Next month, I’ll share about other historic Broadway theaters and how the area became known as the Great White Way.

Sources

Between the Rivers magazine, Issue 22, 2011, Grand Rivers, KY

www.broadwayworld.com

www.spotlightonbroadway.com

IBDB | The Official Source For Broadway Information

Multi-award-winning author Marie Wells Coutu finds beauty in surprising places, like undiscovered treasures, old houses, and gnarly trees. All three books in her Mended Vessels series, contemporary stories based on the lives of biblical women, have won awards in multiple contests. She is currently working on historical romances set in her native western Kentucky in the 1930s and ‘40s. An unpublished novel, Shifting Currents, placed second in the inspirational category of the nationally recognized Maggie Awards. Learn more at www.MarieWellsCoutu.com.

Her historical short story, “All That Glistens,” was included in the 2023 Saturday Evening Post Great American Fiction collection and is now available free when you sign up for Marie's newsletter here. In her newsletter, she shares about her writing, historical tidbits, recommended books, and sometimes recipes.

Fireworks and Fruit: Memories of Old Kentucky Christmases

As a native Kentuckian, I’m fascinated by stories of life in my state before I was born. The books I’m writing now are set in the western part of the state not far from where I grew up, in a region then known as “Between the Rivers,” which now makes up a federal area called Land Between the Lakes.

While researching early 20th Century life in this area, I found interesting memories of former residents about the Christmases of their childhood, from 1900 to World War II.

Nearly everyone recalled getting a fresh orange, either in their stocking if the family followed that tradition, or among their other presents. One woman named Rebecca, whose family did not have a mantel, recalled placing a “special chair” for Santa to leave her presents.

The holiday season was the only time oranges and other tropical fruits were available. One year, her father obtained a full stalk of bananas, which the family hung in a corner of the living room as part of the Christmas decorations.

Firecrackers were another typical present for the children, something that would be frowned on by most parents today. Rebecca said she and her siblings would rise around 4 a.m. on Christmas morning, take a shovel of hot coals from the wood stove, and go outside to light and shoot off the firecrackers.

While snow was not common in

in western Kentucky, and rarely

was there a white Christmas, children

and adults took advantage of it when

it did arrive. In this photo from winter

1951, young Tom Nickell perched atop

a huge snowman, supported from

behind by his hidden father. 

A man named Ted remembered his grandfather’s tradition of “blowing the anvil” on Christmas Day. His grandpa, a blacksmith, would take an anvil with a hole in it, fill the hole with gunpowder, run a fuse a good distance away, then ignite the fuse. When the fuse ignited the gunpowder, the resulting explosion would blow the anvil “as high as a man’s head.”

Ted’s cousin Sallie described a similar Christmas Eve tradition, where Grandpa would take the family to his blacksmith shop, put gunpowder into the forge fire and pump the bellows to set off a mini-explosion, showering the entire shop with sparks.

The adults also made torches by wrapping worn-out stockings around long sticks and soaking them in coal oil. An array of these torches would be set in the ground in the front yard and then lit.

For the most part, this region did not have electricity until the 1940s, but the people sure knew how to light up their Christmas celebrations!

Parents had to be creative when it came to gifts, too. One year, Rebecca received a toy wagon made by her daddy and uncle from white oak, crafted exactly like a real wagon. Mothers often knitted the Christmas stockings and made other presents, such as dolls or doll clothing, as well as new clothing for the children.

The Shirley Temple doll topped the
1935 Christmas wish list for many
Kentucky girls.

The first doll Gertrude received was one called a “Limber Jim,” made of material stuffed with sawdust. When money was available, she said, there might be a pistol for the boys and a small china doll for the girls, maybe a little red wagon or “a small, square box with a jump-up Santa in it”—what we know as a jack-in-the box.

Typically, Christmas Day activities included a trip to grandparents’ house for dinner. Food included, Rebecca said, “real” country ham and gravy, chicken and dressing, beans, potato salad, sweet potatoes, hoop cheese, and fruit salad. Dessert consisted of cakes of various flavors, including orange, banana, chocolate, and fresh coconut. Her favorite was an orange cake with fresh orange slices in the icing.

After dinner, a hunting party would form for squirrels or rabbits, with the men using dogs and guns, boys using rocks and sticks. Rebecca remembered one Christmas when the boys brought back more game than the men.

Then, as now, celebrating Christmas meant gathering with family, sharing a meal, presents for the children, and special traditions. The traditions may change but the reason for celebrating the birth of Jesus remains the same over the years.

What are some of your family’s Christmas traditions, and how far back did they begin?

Source:

Between the Rivers magazine, formerly published in Grand Rivers, Kentucky, Winter 1999-2000, Summer 2000, and Holiday 2000 editions. Information taken from articles written by Doyle Marshall, Gertrude Savells Wilson, and Rebecca Byrd.

Multi-award-winning author Marie Wells Coutu finds beauty in surprising places, like undiscovered treasures, old houses, and gnarly trees. All three books in her Mended Vessels series, contemporary stories based on the lives of biblical women, have won awards in multiple contests. She is currently working on historical romances set in her native western Kentucky in the 1930s and ‘40s. An unpublished novel, Shifting Currents, which takes place during construction of Kentucky Dam, placed third in Inspirational Romance in the nationally recognized Maggie Awards, and second in Historical Christian Romance in the Touched By Love Awards.

When the bright lights of Broadway dim, the glow of home in western Kentucky beckons. This historical short story, “All That Glistens,” was included in the 2023 Saturday Evening Post Great American Fiction collection and is now available free when you sign up for Marie's newsletter here. In her newsletter, she shares about her writing, historical tidbits, recommended books, and sometimes vintage recipes.